BOOTSTRAPPED

A contrarian rebuttal of the notion that wealthy Americans deserve everything they have and that the “poor are responsible for their own poverty.”

Building on her previous book, Squeezed: Why Our Families Can’t Afford America, journalist Quart, head of a nonprofit called the Economic Hardship Reporting Project, dissects the notion of bootstrapping, “a shorthand term I am using to describe…every-man-for-themselves individualism.” As the author amply demonstrates, that doctrine of individualism has been a long-standing, deeply ingrained trope in American life. To demonstrate that fact, Quart examines aspirational literary works by writers such as Horatio Alger and Laura Ingalls Wilder, the latter of whom, writes Quart, painted a portrait in her Little House series of rugged self-reliance even as her father “was not such a great farmer and thus leaned on his neighbors for help far more than Wilder tended to admit in her books.” Emerson and even Thoreau are called on the carpet and found wanting, too, before Quart moves on to modern rallying cries such as the mindfulness movement, carefully instilled in corporate culture not to produce generations of Buddhist saints but instead to urge people to become more productive. Within this system, far too many people rely on a “dystopian social safety net” in order to make it from paycheck to paycheck or even to stay alive, whether visiting warming stations to keep from freezing to death in winter or free dental clinics to offset the fact that “fewer than half of American dentists accept Medicaid.” Against these harsh realities, which she reports on cogently and without rancor, Quart proposes a more meaningful safety net of cooperative work and mutual aid, whereby workers pool their capabilities and time to produce needed and sustainable things while being their own bosses—a situation that, she notes, reflects dependence, independence, and interdependence all at once.

A provocative, important repudiation of gig-economy capitalism that proposes utopian rather than dystopian solutions.