THE GREAT RIVER

A lively survey of Old Man River, born of extensive research and travel.

The Mississippi River, writes New Orleans–based journalist Upholt, is contested on many fronts. One is why the river bears the name of a continent-wide system when the Missouri is almost twice as long and the Ohio contributes more water. Another is whether to allow the river anything of its wild self. “The only longer human-made landform on the planet is China’s Great Wall,” writes the author about the river-taming levee that runs to “the headwaters of the Atchafalaya.” Levees keep the floodplain from doing its work, and Upholt shows how before the engineers got to it, the floodplain would be frequently submerged as the river flowed and overflowed, yielding the richest of soil. Many other things have changed, including invasive species displacing river natives such as the buffalo fish. Upholt builds a natural and human history along the template established by the Rivers of America series of yore, a blend of anecdote and observation. His account is more politically charged than all that, though, with an environmental twist that soon turns to economics. In the economy of enslavement, for instance, riverine malaria felled captive workers, and only the richest of plantation owners, “able to afford the workforce needed to make this landscape work,” could cultivate the river’s fertile bottomlands. Naturally, it’s just that class of wealthy owner that the levee system protects. Pulling back those levees, Upholt writes, could refresh the bottomlands while also enriching the river. In one example, where the river widens along its plain, “Corps of Engineers fish surveys found a record-breaking number of juvenile sturgeon.” It would cost billions to do so, but for any Mississippi River aficionado—and clearly, Upholt is one—it would be worth every cent.

A fluent addition to the literature of America’s rivers.