BY THE SECOND SPRING

Affecting portraits of Ukrainians caught up in a war whose origins trace back centuries.

A historian who grew up partly in Ukraine, Leavitt writes of the country’s lifeways: “the smart and dark sense of humor, minor-­key folk songs, old women selling lingerie in underground walkways, how people regard long walks as a primary ­form of entertainment.” But, she notes, most people outside the country recognize only one Ukrainian by sight or name, Volodymyr Zelensky. Aiming to correct this, Leavitt focuses on ordinary Ukrainians across the country and their experiences in war. One, Vitaly, owns a struggling coffee shop near Kyiv, making most of his living recycling; another, Tania, lives on a pig farm in a Russian-occupied part of southern Ukraine and has taken to calling the invaders orcs, “invoking the grotesque, nonhuman characters from Lord of the Rings,” or “rashist,” “a mix of the words ‘Russian’ and ‘fascist’”; yet another, Maria, is caught in the hellish bombardment of the eastern city of Mariupol until being evacuated to a far-western town where few speak her native Russian, a language “still perceived as an outsider tongue.” Apart from offering memorable portraits of her dramatis personae, each of whom copes in one way or another with all the hardships of war and occupation, Leavitt serves up fascinating observations befitting a top-tier ethnography. One track she follows, thanks to Vitaly the recycler and a publisher named Volodymyr, are the changing reading tastes of the Ukrainian public: “In the 1990s, everyone was throwing away Soviet books, manuals, pamphlets, propaganda….In the fall of 2022…Vitaly hauled away vans full of books by anyone who was Russian or represented Russia, even if they had never said anything about Ukraine.” Elsewhere she offers helpful explanations of why, despite Russia’s imperial ambitions, Ukraine truly is a separate nation—and why it behooves the West to defend it.

A vividly written, memorable series of profiles in courage and fierce resistance.