THE OXFORD ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THE BOOK
edited by James Raven
A profusely illustrated, handsomely produced intellectual history.
Raven, a history professor and director of the Cambridge Project for the Book Trust, has drawn together scholarly essays offering a sweeping, erudite, and thoroughly engaging narrative focused on “how the book has been remodelled and reformed over time and in different parts of the world.” Beginning with evidence of the earliest writing in 3500 B.C.E. and ending with Google’s project to create a global, digitized library, the contributors consider the technologies and economics involved in textual production, distribution, and reception; varied uses of written material; censorship and piracy; and the ways that books reflect and shape the societies from which they emerge. “What do books do?” asks Eleanor Robson, a scholar of ancient Middle Eastern history, a question that underlies many essays, as does a more basic question: What is a book? Raven suggests that books “offer a durable, portable, or mobile, replicable and legible (that is, readable and communicable) means of recording and disseminating information and knowledge,” although he readily admits that evolving technologies may require a revision of even so capacious a definition. Legal, scholarly, religious, and literary texts survive from ancient times as parchment, scrolls, and steles, and, Robson notes, every literate society “supported a class of professional scribes who were not obviously economically productive.” The spread of basic literacy incited a desire for books. As cultural historian Ann Blair reveals in an essay about information management, readers looked for aids in finding content both within books and among them. The index and table of contents proved to be welcome new innovations, and with a huge proliferation of books resulting from printing, library catalogs became indispensable. Other contributors range across time and place, focusing on the Renaissance and Reformation, the Islamic world, and modern China, Japan, and Korea. In addition to the striking illustrations, Raven also includes a helpful 14-page timeline.
A deeply informative, stimulating volume.