SHAMANISM

A wide-ranging study of a putatively premodern way of knowledge.

Anthropologist Singh writes extensively of fieldwork among the Mentawai people of Indonesia, whose shamans undertake healing rituals, knowing “the plants for treating fungal infections and the songs for calling souls to feverish bodies.” Once the object of much anthropological study, shamanism was co-opted by the problematic mythographer Mircea Eliade and the New Age guru Michael Harner. Both got it wrong, by Singh’s lights, the latter by turning it into “a bite-size bundle amenable for Western consumption.” This denatured, homogenized view of shamanism—in some views mumbo-jumbo, in other views “primeval wisdom,” and mostly very different from the practices of the Tungusic people whose language is embedded in the name—turns it into formulas (hallucinogens here, spirit journeys there) that are ideal for flimflammery. Yet, in a broader view—and here a solid background in anthropology will help the reader—it’s also fallen victim to a certain essentialism: This practice is industrial, this is agricultural, this is scientific. Nonsense, Singh suggests, stretching the boundaries of his field: When evangelists pray over Donald Trump, they’re practicing (perhaps black) magic, and hedge-fund wizards speculate no more scientifically than a so-called witch doctor seeking a cure for spirit possession, in that “they fill very similar niches.” If traditional shamanism is in decline around the world because of what Max Weber called disenchantment, there are still plenty of people willing to engage in its “moral ambiguity.” As for hallucinogens, Singh dismisses the notion that magic mushrooms are the preferred shamanic key to the otherworld (beer is much more prevalent, tobacco even more so). He also questions anthropology’s vaunted relativism: “A power of anthropology…is in turning the strange familiar and the familiar strange, yet this reversal requires a comparative approach.”

A provocative treatise, of much interest to students of culture, religious belief, and social science.