HALF AMERICAN

Black Americans played crucial roles in nearly every theater of World War II, but they have been largely ignored in historical accounts. Delmont sets the record straight.

Delmont, a professor of history at Dartmouth who has written numerous books on civil rights and Black history, notes that he was surprised when his initial research revealed the number of Black men and women who served during the war: more than 1 million. Due to prejudice among White military leaders, most Black soldiers were assigned roles in construction, transport, supply, and maintenance. Even under appalling conditions, they served courageously, and the final victories in Europe and the Pacific would not have been possible without them. Once they were allowed to serve on the battlefield, they were indispensable. “The trailblazing Tuskegee Airmen, 92nd Infantry Division, Montford Point Marines, and the 761st ‘Black Panther’ Tank Battalion served bravely in combat,” writes Delmont, “and Black troops shed blood in the iconic battles at Normandy and Iwo Jima, and the Battle of the Bulge.” As the author shows in this illuminating history, military training camps were brutally segregated, and civilian Black Americans faced obstacles when applying for jobs in war factories. One reason was the belief that military service would help fight discrimination within the U.S., a concept encapsulated in the “Double V” campaign promoted by Black leaders: victory over fascism abroad and victory over racism at home. Even after the war, little changed for the Black community. Black veterans often found themselves ineligible for the benefits available to their White counterparts, and even Black men in uniform faced harassment. Delmont suggests that the wartime contributions of Black Americans planted the seeds for later progress, although it would be a long, difficult path—and one not yet finished. The narrative is disturbing and painful, but it provides important pages that have been missing from American history.

A vital story well rendered, recounting a legacy that should be recognized, remembered, and applauded.