THE DRONE AGE

Drones have become nearly ubiquitous over the last two decades. Here’s a detailed look at how they developed and what they may become.

Boyle, a professor of political science and senior fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, begins with an incident that epitomizes the image many readers have of drones: the 2011 assassination of Yemeni American imam Anwar al-Awlaki by an American drone. After looking at the legal and strategic concerns that weighed on that action, the author then steps back to survey the types of drones and their capabilities. “Targeted killings” have become the most familiar military use of drones, but they have an even more significant role in gathering intelligence, both by the military and by domestic agencies including law enforcement. However, their low cost increasingly puts them within the reach of rebel, criminal, and terrorist groups. Drones also have great potential for peaceful uses, such as disaster relief and delivery of medicine to remote areas by humanitarian organizations and by private enterprise—though most of these projects are still in the “proof of concept stage.” Some of the roles are still emerging as legal and technical issues are sorted out in response to the new technology. The author concludes with an examination of the nations—primarily the U.S., Israel, and China—for whom drone manufacture and export is becoming an important business as well as a look at future trends such as miniaturization (“nano drones no bigger than birds or insects”) and the potential of artificial intelligence–controlled autonomous drones, the proliferation of which heightens concerns about “accidental war.” Boyle illustrates his points with many specific cases and generally avoids the jargon that bogs down military history, and his global perspective is likely to make the text more useful in the long run.

A highly informative treatment of the current role and future potential of drones.