CHARLATANS

The digital age makes us all more susceptible to grift from skilled charlatans.

Naím (The Revenge of Power, The End of Power, Illicit) and Toro team up to expose charlatans, which they define as those who convince others “to do things that go against their own self-interest”; it becomes dangerous when marks are separated from their families and their money. It’s important to understand how charlatans enchant us. They are not just good at identifying targets. The authors show how any one of us can easily fall prey, because what charlatans do best is reflect our dreams back to us—it is our attachment to our own dreams that clouds our judgment. Exacerbated by social isolation, victims are open to exploitation and new technologies such as artificial intelligence, which can feign the intimacy of a friend, enabling modern-day hucksters to play on our emotions, hopes, and dreams in wholly new ways. Identifying practitioners from a variety of fields—from AI and astrology to megachurches, crypto, and QAnon—the authors provide a tour of contemporary figures such as astrologer Walter Mercado, televangelist Kenneth Copeland, New Age spiritual leader Bentinho Massaro, spiritual influencer Teal Swan, alternative health practitioner Joseph Mercola, yoga practitioner Baba Ramdev, crypto entrepreneur Sam Bankman-Fried, and many more. Naím and Toro write: “If we have done this well, there will be at least one charlatan who might have taken you in.” Techniques such as offering social proof play into victims’ confirmation bias. In order to avoid becoming victimized, the authors advocate for common sense: critical thinking (such as slow thinking, from Daniel Kahneman’s Thinking, Fast and Slow) and not relying on gut feelings or intuition. Hardly groundbreaking advice.

Against an arsenal of exploitative technologies, understanding our vulnerabilities is our best shield.