CROSS OF SNOW

A welcome new biography of the iconic 19th-century poet.

For many Americans, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) is fondly associated with “Paul Revere’s Ride,” the “most memorized poem in American history.” In this comprehensive, affectionate, and astute biography, the first in many years, Basbanes provides a valuable reassessment of the once-beloved poet who fell from grace in the literary establishment just years after his death. For Basbanes, Longfellow was “discreet, loyal, and principled to a fault.” Drawing on previously unexplored primary source material, he focuses as much on the private man—especially the influential roles Longfellow’s two beloved wives, Mary and Fanny, had on his work—as he does on the public one. Their horrific deaths affected him greatly. One of eight children, young Henry was a “model of probity and purpose,” publishing his first poem at 13. Success at Bowdoin College—where lifelong friend Nathaniel Hawthorne was a fellow classmate—earned him a European fellowship to study foreign languages. The trip, Basbanes writes, was “fundamental” to everything he would become. Longfellow taught at Bowdoin but grew restless, yearning for the literary life. A position at Harvard included more language study abroad; ultimately, he was able to read 15 languages. By the age of 30, Longfellow had published numerous poems, essays, and translations. His first major work, Hyperion, received a favorable response but was trashed in print by Edgar Allan Poe. During the Civil War, Longfellow’s poem “The Building of the Ship,” writes Basbanes, “brought tears to the eyes of Abraham Lincoln.” The Song of Hiawatha sold 4,000 copies upon publication, 50,000 in the first two years in America. He was also popular in Britain, “outselling Robert Browning and Tennyson on their own turf.” His translation of Dante’s The Divine Comedy “alone is a singular achievement, and his sonnets compare with the best in English.”

A revelatory exploration of Longfellow’s life and art and how he became a “dominant force in American Letters.”