THOMAS CROMWELL

A mildly revisionist biography of Thomas Cromwell (1485-1540).

Long reviled as the evil genius who secured Henry VIII’s divorce from Catharine of Aragon and oversaw the looting of Catholic monasteries, Cromwell received spectacular rehabilitation in Hilary Mantel’s novel Wolf Hall (2009) and its sequel, Bring Up the Bodies (2012). Agreeing that Mantel was onto something, Borman (Queen of the Conqueror: The Life of Matilda, Wife of William I, 2012, etc.), joint chief curator of historic royal palaces and chief executive of Britain’s Heritage Education Trust, writes an engrossing biography of a ruthless man who rose and fell in the service of a ruthless king, a path followed by dozens close to Henry. Son of a blacksmith, Cromwell traveled and worked on the continent as a young man. At age 30, as a successful London merchant and lawyer, he entered the household of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, Henry VIII’s leading adviser, and prospered. When Henry turned against Wolsey in 1529 (largely due to his reluctance to promote the king’s divorce), Cromwell stepped in. Fiercely dedicated to fulfilling Henry’s desires, Cromwell switched from appeals to the pope to manipulating Parliament and browbeating England’s clerical establishment. After years of political arm-twisting, he succeeded. Henry married Anne Boleyn and, far more significant, replaced the pope as head of the English church. Cromwell presided over the dissolution of church property, a windfall for the king, and successfully distanced himself from Anne as she fell from favor. His luck and life ran out in 1540 when enemies took advantage of Henry’s growing conservatism in matters of religious doctrine (he had less interest than Cromwell in Protestant reforms) and he disastrously supported Henry’s marriage to Anne of Cleves.

A fine rags-to-riches-to–executioner’s-block story of a major figure of the English Reformation.